ABSTRACT
Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a very simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of swellings like lymph node, thyroid, soft tissue and salivary glands in head and neck region. These swellings frequently encountered in general practice. It may be inflammatory, reactive, benign or malignant lesion. The objective was to assess the frequency and incidence of different sites, age, sex and distribution of reactive, benign and malignant lesion. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, from January 2014 to August 2014.Fine needle aspiration diagnosis was correlated with details of relevant clinical findings and investigations. Patients aged between 1 and 75 years were included in the study. A total of 200 patients were enrolled in the study with their name, age, sex, profession, address and contact. Results: Out of 200 fine needle aspiration procedures 42% were of lymph node, 18.5% were of thyroid, 15.5% from salivary gland, 8% from soft tissue, scalp and forehead swellings and 5.5% from lips and oral cavity lesion. Lymphnodes were the commonest organ involved in which reactive were 16% and 15% granulomatous lesion. There were 2.5% cases of non specific inflammatory lesion from lymph nodes. Conclusions: Our study found that FNAC is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique to diagnose different types of head and neck swellings. It could differentiate the infective and benign process from neoplastic one and avoids unnecessary surgeries and expenses.
ABSTRACT
Malathion is a broad-spectrum Organophosphorus insecticide generally used to control a variety of insects. Routinely it is analysed by Gas Liquid Chromatography & High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Now an attempt has been made to develop a new method for analysis of Malathion in biological samples using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) technique, which is inexpensive, accurate and non-destructive. Malathion was extracted from blood and urine using solvent extraction methods and then identified on the TLC plates. For chromatographic separation, various binary and tertiary solvent systems were used to demonstrate in the laboratory. For detection on developed plates, palladium chloride reagent was used which successfully increased the sensitivity without dispensing with the simplicity of the method. For the analysis, a total of 20 solvent systems were chosen. Out of these 20 solvent systems, the three best solvent systems namely Cyclohexane: Chloroform (60:40), Hexane: Acetone (80:20) and Acetone: Hexane: Toluene (40:40:20) were chosen for statistical analysis which included the calculation of mean Rf value, value of standard deviation and coefficient of variance. The method developed is simple, inexpensive, accurate and non-destructive that allows for sensitive and reproducible analysis of Malathion.